In this review, initially we summarize the design strategy of tannin-immobilized composites, mainly concentrating on the choice of immobilized substrate ( e.g., natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and inorganic materials) as well as the binding interaction ( e.g., Mannich reaction, Schiff base reaction, graft copolymerization, oxidation coupling, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding) between them. This strategy can endow tannin-immobilized composites with efficient manufacturing properties, high strength, good stability, easy chelating/coordinating ability, excellent antibacterial property, biological compatibility, bioactivity, chemical/corrosion resistance, and strong adhesive performance, which significantly expand their application in various fields. Inspired by the design of composite materials, tannin-immobilized composites have emerged as promising and novel materials and combine or even surpass the advantages of each of their components. However, they fail to satisfy the requirements in some specific applications ( e.g., environmental remediation) on account of their water solubility, making their separation and regeneration difficult.

Tannins, which are natural plant polyphenols, are widely used in different fields, especially in biomedical applications due to their unique properties, including high abundance, low cost, structural diversity, protein precipitation, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.

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